Carl rogers reflective listening12/5/2023 We do this by reflecting (repeating back) in our own words what we think the speaker means by their words and behaviour. As active listening is harder than it at first appears, the authors suggest we test that we have understood the speaker correctly. Reflect back what you think the speaker means. It is the total package of behaviour that helps the person convey their message, and we need to be alert to all of these.Ĥ. Rogers & Farson remind us that not all communication is verbal and for active listening we need to look for hesitations, pauses, inflection, tone, volume, facial expression, body posture, hand & eye movements and breathing. The active listener must listen carefully to try to analyse the ‘total’ meaning of what the speaker is saying. Sometimes the feelings underlying a message are more important than the content. We need to listen for both meaning and feeling if we want to listen effectively.Ģ. Rogers & Farson explain that any message has two components, the content of the message and the underlying feelings. The process of active listening can be explained in four simple steps.ġ. 589). Communication can be significantly improved if we learn to listen effectually and that good listening is ‘contagious’. It is about seeing things from the speaker’s point of view (POV) (p. The process of active listening is described as “ getting inside the speaker”. The authors point out that even positive evaluations are just as blocking as negative ones. We should avoid typical human responses such as advising, moralizing, evaluating and encouragement. Therefore, we should avoid passing judgment on someone we are talking to and avoid being drawn into agreement or disagreement. Rogers & Farson (1987) state that for communication to be effective it must be non-threatening. It is simply a way of approaching those problems which arise out of the usual day-to-day events of any job (p. Rogers and Farson explain the process of active listening as: Active listening does not necessarily mean long sessions spent listening to grievances, personal or otherwise. The book was aimed at the growing corporate psychology market and in particular, Rogers and Farson’s chapter became a much-discussed and used approach to listening by corporate trainers. Heath & Company, Communicating in Business Today. Farson, a former research assistant and later colleague published a chapter in a 1987 book by the American textbook publisher, D.C. In 1987 Rogers and the Psychologist and author Richard E. In fact Rogers actually even changed the name of the process at different times from ‘reflective listening’ (Rogers, 1958), to ‘active listening’ (Rogers, 1957 Rogers & Farson, 1987), to ‘empathetic listening’, (1975). We should first note that Rogerian listening is a complex practice that was repeatedly revised over the course of Rogers’ career (see: Arnold, 2014). So how did Roger’s actually describe active listening? What was it, how should we do it and what are the methodological limitations of the approach? Few authors and trainers have read Rogers’ original writings on the subject, nor carefully analysed Rogers’ thinking. Rogers was the founder of the ‘client-centred’ approach to psychotherapy.Īlthough active listening is considered a fundamental communication skill, it is widely misunderstood. The influential American Psychologist Carl Rogers (1902–1987) is the source of the ideas of active listening. One way of improving listening skills is the technique of ‘active listening’. However, while we spend many years in school learning to read, write and speak, we spend almost no time learning to listen. Even though most experts agree that listening is a skill, it seems we don’t feel it is a skill we need to develop in ourselves and others. Listening is vital to communication at all levels. Douglas Adams, Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (1978) Ford: Why, what did she tell you? Arthur: I don't know I didn't listen. Arthur: You know, it's at times like this, when I'm trapped in a Vogon airlock, with a man from Betelgeuse, and about to die of asphyxiation in deep space, that I really wish I'd listened to what my mother told me when I was young.
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